About syndactyly type i with microcephaly and ...

What is syndactyly type i with microcephaly and ...?

Filippi syndrome is an extremely rare genetic disorder that may be apparent at birth (congenital). The disorder is characterized by an unusual facial appearance, abnormalities of the fingers and toes, and mild to severe mental retardation. Primary physical findings include growth delays, webbing or fusion (syndactyly) of certain fingers and toes, inward deviation or bending (clinodactyly) of the fifth fingers ("pinkies") and microcephaly, condition that indicates that the head circumference is smaller than would be expected for an infant's age and sex. Filippi syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait.

What are the symptoms for syndactyly type i with microcephaly and ...?

Filippi syndrome is characterized by Growth delays before and after birth (prenatal and postnatal growth retardation), a low birth weight, and short stature. Affected individuals also have characteristic abnormalities of the head and facial (craniofacial) area, resulting in a distinctive facial appearance. Affected infants may often exhibit microcephaly, condition that indicates that the head circumference is smaller than would be expected for an infant’s age and sex

Individuals with Filippi syndrome also have malformations of the fingers and toes (digits). These may include webbing or fusion (syndactyly) of certain digits, such as the third and fourth fingers and/or the second, third, and fourth toes. Partial or complete webbing of these particular digits is sometimes referred to as “syndactyly type I.” The severity of the syndactyly may be variable, ranging from webbing of skin and other soft tissues to fusion of bone within the affected digits. Filippi syndrome may also be characterized by additional digital abnormalities. In some cases, there may be inward deviation (clinodactyly) of the fifth fingers (pinkies). In addition, the fingers and toes may appear unusually short (brachydactyly), particularly due to abnormalities of bones within the body of the hands and feet (metacarpals and metatarsals).

Individuals with Filippi syndrome have Distinctive facial features including a high forehead, a broad bridge of the nose, thin nostrils, an abnormally thin upper lip and widely spaced eyes (hypertelorism).

Filippi syndrome is also characterized by mild to severe Mental retardation and some affected individuals may have defective language and speech development, potentially resulting in an inability to speak.

Some individuals with the disorder may have additional physical abnormalities including delayed bone age, incomplete closure of the roof of the mouth (cleft palate) and a dislocated elbow. In some affected males, the testes may fail to descend into the scrotum (cryptorchidism). In one report, skin and teeth abnormalities were also noted.

What are the causes for syndactyly type i with microcephaly and ...?

Filippi syndrome is transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. Genetic diseases are determined by two genes, one received from the father and one from the mother.

Recessive genetic disorders occur when an individual inherits the same abnormal gene for the same trait from each parent. If an individual receives one normal gene and one gene for the disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not show symptoms. The risk for two carrier parents to both pass the defective gene and, therefore, have an affected child is 25% with each pregnancy. The risk to have a child who is a carrier like the parents is 50% with each pregnancy. The chance for a child to receive normal genes from both parents and be genetically normal for that particular trait is 25%.

Some cases of Filippi syndrome have had parents who were related by blood (consanguineous). All individuals carry 4-5 abnormal genes. Parents who are close relatives (consanguineous) have a higher chance than unrelated parents to both carry the same abnormal gene, which increases the risk to have children with a recessive genetic disorder.

What are the treatments for syndactyly type i with microcephaly and ...?

The treatment of Filippi syndrome is directed toward the specific symptoms that are apparent in each individual. Such treatment may require the coordinated efforts of a team of medical professionals who may need to systematically and comprehensively plan an affected child's treatment. These professionals may include pediatricians; physicians who specialize in disorders of the skeleton, joints, muscles, and related tissues (orthopedists); and/or other health care professionals.

In some affected individuals, treatment may include surgical repair of certain skeletal or other abnormalities potentially associated with the disorder. The surgical procedures performed will depend upon the severity of the anatomical abnormalities, their associated symptoms, and other factors.

Early intervention may be important in ensuring that affected children reach their potential. Special services that may be beneficial include special education, physical therapy, speech therapy, or other medical, social, and/or vocational services. Genetic counseling will also be of benefit for individuals with Filippi syndrome and their families. Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.

These disorders include Chitayat syndrome, Zerres syndrome, Kelly syndrome, Woods syndrome and Pfeiffer-Kapferer syndrome

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